Looking for René Descartes books in PDF? Here are 9 of his works in English, free, from the Discourse on the Method to the Meditations on First Philosophy.
Descartes set out to doubt everything, then found the one thing he couldn't: "I think, therefore I am." That idea, published in 1637, is why he is called the father of modern philosophy.
New to Descartes? Start with the Discourse, which is short and personal, then move on to the Meditations.
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Descartes doubts everything until he reaches one certainty: I think, therefore I am. The short, personal book that launched modern philosophy. Our own Project Aldus edition.
Six meditations in which Descartes doubts the senses, finds certainty in his own thinking and argues for God and for the split between mind and body. John Veitch's classic translation, cleanly typeset.
Descartes' own textbook version of his philosophy, from the method of doubt to the nature of God, mind and matter. John Veitch's classic translation, typeset in a clean modern layout.
Descartes' last book, a study of emotions such as love, hatred, joy and wonder, and of how the mind can learn to govern them. The 1911 translation by Elizabeth Haldane and G. R. T. Ross.
Descartes' early, unfinished handbook on method, with rules for reasoning clearly in any science and mathematics as the model. Translated by Elizabeth Haldane and G. R. T. Ross in 1911.
Hobbes, Gassendi, Arnauld and other critics attack the Meditations, and Descartes answers each of them point by point. All seven sets of objections and replies, in the 1912 Haldane and Ross translation.
The treatise where Descartes joined algebra and geometry, laying the ground for analytic geometry and the Cartesian plane. Smith and Latham's English translation, printed beside a facsimile of the 1637 French edition.
An unfinished dialogue in which three friends test Descartes' method of doubt in plain conversation, a light way into his ideas. From the 1911 Haldane and Ross translation.
The first volume of the standard English edition of Descartes, with the Rules, the Discourse, the Meditations, the Principles and The Passions of the Soul in one book. Translated by Elizabeth Haldane and G. R. T. Ross in 1911.
Descartes studied with the Jesuits at La Flèche and wrote almost all of these books during twenty years in the Dutch Republic. He died in Stockholm in 1650, a few months after Queen Christina invited him to teach her philosophy.
His method of doubt and his split between mind and body shaped Spinoza, Leibniz and all of rationalism. For more of the great minds behind Western thought, explore our classic authors.
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