ENISA Threat Landscape 2025

Covers the categories of malware and the attacker tools that come with them, the layered defenses that reduce exposure, and the handling process once something gets through, from detection and containment to eradication and recovery.

National Institute of Standards and Technology

A joint advisory in two parts: the prevention practices that close the initial access routes ransomware relies on, and a response checklist for the first hours of an incident, covering detection, isolation, reporting, and why paying the ransom rarely works.

Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency

An edited collection of open access research chapters on current problem areas, including intrusion detection, security in critical infrastructure, the legal and organizational side of cyber crime, and the human factors that decide whether an attack succeeds.

Muhammad Sarfraz