Chats on Old Clocks

Traces how American manufacturers like Waltham and Elgin invented mass production of mechanical watches in the 19th century. A detailed historical and technical study of factory methods, machinery and the Boston Watch Company insolvency records.

Richard Watkins

Kendal traces the origin and development of every method of measuring time, from sundials and water clocks to the spring-driven watch and the chronometer. A complete narrative history written by a member of the British Horological Institute.

James F. Kendal

Beckett's classic treatise pairs the history of clocks and pendulums with detailed theory of escapements, including his own gravity escapement and a chapter on bells. A reference text for anyone studying nineteenth-century English horology.

Edmund Beckett