Hegel

William Wallace's companion to Hegel's Logic, revised in 1894 alongside his translation. It explains the method and the main ideas before you face the text itself.

William Wallace

J. M. E. McTaggart asks how Hegel's dialectic really works and what it can prove, chapter by chapter. A landmark of British Hegel studies from 1896.

J. M. E. McTaggart

Benedetto Croce keeps what still works in Hegel, the dialectic of opposites, and drops what he thinks failed. A sharp, readable critique in Douglas Ainslie's 1915 translation.

Benedetto Croce

Robert Stern explains what Hegel meant by idealism and why it is not the claim that the world exists only in the mind. A clear essay from the Cambridge Companion, in its author's version.

Robert Stern

A doctoral dissertation that reads Hegel's political philosophy through his Logic, showing how freedom and the state rest on his idea of actuality. For readers ready to go deep.

Matthew J. Smetona