Socialism: Utopian and Scientific

The 1848 program Marx and Engels wrote for the Communist League, paired with Engels's earlier question-and-answer draft. It opens with the spectre haunting Europe and closes with the call for workers of all countries to unite.

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

Engels's 1847 draft of the communist program, written as 25 short questions and answers. It reads as a plain-language first version of the Communist Manifesto and is one of the quickest ways into his ideas.

Friedrich Engels

Engels's full-length reply to the philosopher Eugen Dühring and the most complete statement of Marxist ideas he ever wrote. It covers philosophy, political economy and socialism, including the chapters later published as Socialism: Utopian and Scientific.

Friedrich Engels

Three articles from 1872 on the housing shortage in industrial cities. Engels argues against Proudhon's followers and middle-class reformers that no housing plan can solve the problem while capitalist production lasts.

Friedrich Engels

A short 1894 essay on how socialist parties should approach small farmers and rural laborers. Engels compares the French and German party programs and warns against promising peasants to preserve their small holdings.

Friedrich Engels