Free Friedrich Engels books are the other half of Marxism, written by the man who worked beside Karl Marx for 40 years. Born in Barmen, Germany, in 1820, Engels saw factory life up close in Manchester.
Here you can download his books in PDF, from The Communist Manifesto to Anti-Dühring. After Marx died in 1883, Engels edited volumes II and III of Das Kapital and led scientific socialism until 1895.
If you are new to Engels, start with Socialism: Utopian and Scientific, his short guide to historical materialism. Every book is free to read online or download, with no sign-up.
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Communism
Friedrich Engels Books on Communism and Socialism
Engels wrote the first draft of the communist program for the Communist League in 1847 and spent his life defending it. These Friedrich Engels books run from The Principles of Communism to his letters with Marx.
The 1848 program Marx and Engels wrote for the Communist League, paired with Engels's earlier question-and-answer draft. It opens with the spectre haunting Europe and closes with the call for workers of all countries to unite.
Engels's 1847 draft of the communist program, written as 25 short questions and answers. It reads as a plain-language first version of the Communist Manifesto and is one of the quickest ways into his ideas.
Engels's most widely read work, adapted from three chapters of Anti-Dühring. It traces socialism from the utopian thinkers Saint-Simon, Fourier and Owen to historical materialism in under a hundred pages.
Engels's full-length reply to the philosopher Eugen Dühring and the most complete statement of Marxist ideas he ever wrote. It covers philosophy, political economy and socialism, including the chapters later published as Socialism: Utopian and Scientific.
Three articles from 1872 on the housing shortage in industrial cities. Engels argues against Proudhon's followers and middle-class reformers that no housing plan can solve the problem while capitalist production lasts.
A short 1894 essay on how socialist parties should approach small farmers and rural laborers. Engels compares the French and German party programs and warns against promising peasants to preserve their small holdings.
Engels's 1881 editorials for a London trade union paper, written in plain English for working people. They cover fair wages, trade unions, the wages system and the need for an independent workers' party.
Engels's 1868 chapter-by-chapter summary of the first volume of Marx's Capital. It condenses commodities, money, surplus value and the working day into a compact study guide and stops where the manuscript breaks off.
Hundreds of letters between Marx and Engels and to fellow socialists such as Bebel, Kugelmann and Sorge, from the 1840s to the 1890s. They show their ideas taking shape in private, alongside their views on the Paris Commune, Ireland and Capital.
Engels began as a Young Hegelian and helped turn Hegel's dialectics into a materialist method. Ludwig Feuerbach is the shortest way into his philosophy, and Dialectics of Nature takes it into physics and biology.
Engels's account of how he and Marx broke with Hegel and the Young Hegelians. In four short parts it explains the move from idealism to materialism and gives one of the clearest summaries of historical materialism.
Written by Marx and Engels in 1845 and 1846 but unpublished until 1932, this is where they first set out the materialist conception of history. Includes the critique of Feuerbach and Stirner and an appendix with Marx's Theses on Feuerbach.
Marx and Engels's first joint book, an 1845 polemic against Bruno Bauer and the Young Hegelians. Its satirical chapters on Critical Criticism mark their break with idealist philosophy and their turn to materialism.
Engels's unfinished essays and notes on physics, chemistry and biology seen through materialist dialectics. Includes the well-known essay The Part Played by Labour in the Transition from Ape to Man and a preface by J.B.S. Haldane.
Engels used history to explain the present, from the German Peasant War of 1525 to the revolutions of 1848. His Origin of the Family is still debated today in anthropology and feminist theory.
Engels's 1845 firsthand study of factory workers in Manchester and other industrial towns, written when he was 24. It documents housing, wages, child labour and disease, and remains a founding work of urban sociology.
Engels's study of how the family, private property and the state arose together, drawing on Lewis Henry Morgan's anthropology. Its account of the world historic defeat of the female sex made it a key text for Marxist feminism.
Engels's history of the German Peasant War of 1525, written right after the defeat of the 1848 revolutions. It reads the uprising led by Thomas Müntzer as a class struggle and contrasts it with the role of Martin Luther.
A series of articles on the German revolution of 1848 and 1849, from the state of the German states before the uprising to its defeat. Engels wrote them for the New York Daily Tribune, where they first appeared under Marx's name.
Engels's eyewitness account of the 1849 uprisings in Baden and the Palatinate, where he fought in August Willich's volunteer corps. It is his most personal piece of military and political reporting.
Articles, letters and notes by Marx and Engels on Ireland, from the Great Famine to the Fenian movement. Includes Engels's unfinished History of Ireland and their argument that English workers could not be free while Ireland was oppressed.
An 1894 essay comparing the first Christians with the modern working-class movement. Engels reads the Book of Revelation as a historical document and shows how Christianity began as a movement of slaves and the poor.
Engels's Speech at the Grave of Karl Marx, given at Highgate Cemetery in 1883, with four short articles on Marx's funeral and death. In a few pages it sums up Marx's two great discoveries: historical materialism and surplus value.
Engels died in London in 1895, and his books still shape how we read Marx today. To go further, explore the books of Karl Marx or our free Marxism books.
Looking for more great thinkers? Explore our full list of classic authors.
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