The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia

How the old Norse religion ended in Viking Age Scandinavia, and how its followers defended it against Christianity. A recent study of temples, rulers, and the fall of the old gods.

Olof Sundqvist

Essays on how people in Merovingian and Viking Scandinavia actually lived their religion, from sacred places and amulets to the myths of Odin and Freyr.

Klas Wikström af Edholm et al.

A classic essay on the worship of Odin: human sacrifice, hanging, and the god's link to kings and the dead, traced through the Norse and Old English sources.

H. M. Chadwick

Why do Odin's ravens and Sigurd's birds speak? This thesis follows the language of birds through Old Norse myths and sagas, and what it says about wisdom and kingship.

Timothy Bourns

From Odin's eight legged Sleipnir to horse sacrifice and burial, this study shows how horses linked the living, the dead, and the gods in Old Norse belief.

Katrín Sif Einarsdóttir