Introduction to Marine Biology

A short reading that surveys the main marine ecosystems, from coral reefs and kelp forests to hydrothermal vents and the deep abyssal plain. Explains what makes each habitat unique and how life adapts to it.

National Geographic Education

A clear overview of how pollution affects the ocean, drawing on National Academies reports. It covers oil spills, contaminated sediments, nutrient pollution and their impact on marine life and human health.

The National Academies Press

An authoritative report on ocean acidification and how rising carbon dioxide is changing seawater chemistry. It explains the science, the risks to marine ecosystems, and strategies to monitor and respond to a changing ocean.

The National Academies Press