Karl Marx (1818-1883) was a German philosopher, economist and revolutionary whose books changed how we think about work, money and power. From exile in London, he wrote the books behind Marxism and modern sociology.
Here you can download free Karl Marx books in PDF, from The Communist Manifesto to all three volumes of Capital (Das Kapital). Several were written with his lifelong partner Friedrich Engels, who also finished Capital after Marx died.
If you are new to Marx, start with the Manifesto, then Wage Labour and Capital, and finally Capital. Every book is free to read online or download, with no sign-up.
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Economics
Karl Marx Books on Economics and Capital
Capital is Marx's life work, a close look at how capitalism creates value, profit and crisis. These free Karl Marx books trace his critique of political economy, from wages to surplus value.
The only volume of Capital that Marx saw into print, in the classic Moore and Aveling translation edited by Engels. It lays out the commodity, the labor theory of value and surplus value, and follows the working day into the factories of 19th-century England.
The second volume of Capital, assembled by Engels from Marx's manuscripts and published in 1885. It explains how capital circulates and turns over, and closes with the famous schemes of reproduction that show how a whole economy keeps itself going.
The final volume of Capital, completed by Engels in 1894, eleven years after Marx's death. Here Marx brings everything together: profit, the falling rate of profit, credit, interest and ground rent, the questions that explain how capitalism moves through booms and crises.
Marx's 1859 first draft of his economic theory, where he analyzes the commodity and money before writing Capital. Its preface holds the most compact summary he ever gave of historical materialism, the idea that the economic base shapes law, politics and ideas.
Two short lectures Marx gave to workers, and the easiest door into his economics. They explain in plain language what wages are, where profit comes from and why the interests of labor and capital collide, which makes them the ideal step before Capital.
Marx wrote these works in the heat of events, from The Communist Manifesto of 1848 to the Paris Commune. They are the shortest way into his view of history as class struggle.
The 1848 pamphlet that opens with "A spectre is haunting Europe" and closes with a call for the workers of the world to unite. This edition adds all the prefaces Marx and Engels wrote for later editions, plus Engels' Principles of Communism, the draft the Manifesto grew out of.
Marx's sharp account of how Louis Bonaparte seized power in France in 1851, the essay that begins with history repeating itself, first as tragedy, then as farce. It is his finest piece of historical writing, showing class struggle at work in real politics.
Written in 1850, this is Marx's first attempt to explain a revolution as it unfolded, following France from the February Revolution of 1848 to the defeat of the workers. It includes Engels' 1895 introduction, one of his last texts.
Marx's addresses to the First International on the Franco-Prussian War and the Paris Commune of 1871. He defends the Commune as the first government of the working class and draws from it his lessons on the state.
Marx's 1875 notes on the program of the new German workers' party, short but packed with ideas. It is where he describes the two phases of communist society and coins the line "from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs".
Before Capital came the young Marx, who broke with Hegel and Feuerbach and wrote about alienation. These early writings set out historical materialism, the method behind all of his later books.
The notebooks a 26-year-old Marx filled in Paris, unpublished until 1932. They contain his theory of alienated labor, his critique of Hegel and his first encounter with political economy, the most read texts of the young Marx.
Written with Engels in 1845 and 1846, this is the first full statement of historical materialism: the idea that how people produce their lives shapes how they think. It also settles accounts with Feuerbach and the Young Hegelians.
The first book Marx and Engels wrote together, in 1844, a satirical attack on Bruno Bauer and the "critical critics" of Berlin. Behind the polemic, Marx begins to trade abstract philosophy for the real history of classes and the masses.
Marx's 1847 reply to Proudhon's The Philosophy of Poverty, written in French. Attacking Proudhon's economics and his use of Hegel, Marx sets out for the first time in print the core ideas of his materialist view of history.
The eleven short theses Marx jotted down in 1845, ending with the famous line that philosophers have only interpreted the world, when the point is to change it. A three-page text that marks his break with Feuerbach and the birth of historical materialism.
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