A History of Watches and Other Timekeepers

Traces how American manufacturers like Waltham and Elgin invented mass production of mechanical watches in the 19th century. A detailed historical and technical study of factory methods, machinery and the Boston Watch Company insolvency records.

Richard Watkins

Beckett's classic treatise pairs the history of clocks and pendulums with detailed theory of escapements, including his own gravity escapement and a chapter on bells. A reference text for anyone studying nineteenth-century English horology.

Edmund Beckett

A readable survey of antique clocks for collectors and enthusiasts. Hayden covers lantern clocks, longcase clocks, bracket clocks, French and Dutch styles, with photographs, maker lists and notes on identifying genuine pieces.

Arthur Hayden