Basic Concepts: Nature, Ecology, Environment

A college ecology textbook that moves from the basics of life science to populations, communities, ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles. Built from open resources like OpenStax, with key terms and a glossary for easy study.

Teresa FriedrichFinnern

A peer-reviewed university outline of ecology covering energy flow, food chains, population growth, competition and the major ecosystems on land and in water. Clear diagrams and real cases, like the comb jelly that invaded the Black Sea, make each concept concrete.

Hans Ulrik Riisgård

A complete university course on ecosystems, productivity, nutrient cycles and succession, followed by population dynamics, communities and the major biomes. Every unit includes objectives, self-assessment exercises and a summary.

National Open University of Nigeria

An illustrated reader for young learners that introduces habitats, food chains, ecosystems and the naturalists who studied them. Short chapters and full-color pictures make it a gentle first step into ecology.

Core Knowledge