Egyptian Literature

A working hieroglyphic dictionary with the sign alphabet, Gardiner codes, transliteration, and translation. An essential desk reference for anyone learning to read the script.

Ancient Egypt Web

Roeder's compact grammar of Middle Egyptian, a classic primer on the structure of the language. A rigorous starting point for serious students of hieroglyphic texts.

Gunther Roeder

A hands-on Brown University workbook that teaches hieroglyphs through calligraphy practice, vocabulary, and graded exercises. One of the most practical ways to start actually reading the script.

C. Casey

A step-by-step introduction to abnormal hieratic, the most difficult of all Egyptian scripts, taught through worked examples. A rare teaching resource for an otherwise inaccessible subject.

Koenraad Donker Van Heel

Workshop proceedings exploring how philosophers across history have read meaning into Egyptian hieroglyphs. A thoughtful look at the script as both writing and symbol.

Lucia Morra and Carla Bazzanella