A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
George Berkeley
Berkeley's boldest claim: to be is to be perceived, and there is no matter beyond our ideas. A short, brilliant book that pushed empiricism to its most surprising conclusion.
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Three Dialogues between Hylas and PhilonousBerkeley defends his immaterialism as a lively conversation between a skeptic and a believer in matter. The most readable way into his ideas, based on the final 1734 edition.
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How do we see distance if the eye only receives flat images? Berkeley's answer, that we learn it through touch and experience, became a landmark of empiricist psychology.
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Hume's first and most ambitious work, written in his twenties, applies the method of experience to the mind itself. Causation, personal identity and the passions are all put to the test.
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Mill takes empiricism all the way to logic and mathematics, arguing that even they rest on experience. It also introduces Mill's Methods, still taught as the basics of experimental reasoning.
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