Debating Phenomenological Research Methods

A complete phenomenological study design explained step by step: finding participants, unstructured in-depth interviews, memoing and a simplified method for analyzing the data. Ideal for students planning their first phenomenological project.

Thomas Groenewald

A hands-on introduction to interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) co-written by its founder. It covers the method's roots, sampling, interviewing and step-by-step analysis of the data.

Igor Pietkiewicz and Jonathan A. Smith

A widely cited comparison of descriptive and hermeneutic phenomenology as research methodologies: their roots in Husserl, Heidegger and Gadamer, their assumptions and what kind of findings each produces.

Susann M. Laverty

A decision framework for choosing between descriptive and interpretive phenomenology, with a clear account of how to practice bracketing throughout a study. Good for researchers stuck on method choice.

Mohammed Al-Sheikh Hassan

A long introductory essay on what phenomenology offers human science research: its key concepts, its rejection of dogma and how its philosophy becomes a way of doing research.

Luigina Mortari and Massimiliano Tarozzi