Some Major Issues and Developments in the Philosophy of Science of Logical Empiricism

Carnap, the leading figure of logical empiricism, explains how scientific terms like electron get their meaning from observation. A key text on the line between theory and experience.

Rudolf Carnap

If theories only connect observations, why do we need unobservable entities at all? Hempel's famous dilemma is one of the classic texts of logical empiricism.

Carl G. Hempel

A student and friend of Carnap explains what his empiricism really amounted to, with special attention to probability and how experience changes our beliefs.

Richard C. Jeffrey

Shows how the mind-body problem shaped logical empiricism from the start, through the influence of Fechner on Schlick, Carnap and Feigl. A rich chapter on the movement's roots.

Michael Heidelberger